Fístula colecistoduodenal sin migración de cálculo: reporte de caso / Cholecystoduodenal fistula without gallstones migration: case report / Fístula colecistoduodenal sem migração de cálculos: relatório de caso

El síndrome de Bouveret es una causa infrecuente de íleo biliar, posee una elevada morbimortalidad. Se produce por la migración de un cálculo, generalmente de gran tamaño, hacia el tracto gastrointestinal a través de una fistula colecistoduodenal. El objetivo de esta carta científica es presentar un paciente con un estadio previo de la enfermedad donde la fistula se encuentra constituida, pero sin migración del cálculo, por lo que el diagnóstico oportuno tendría un impacto favorable en el tratamiento y pronóstico debido a que no se encuentra instaurado el cuadro obstructivo intestinal.

Bouveret's syndrome is a rare cause of biliary ileus, with a high morbimortality. It is caused by the migration of a stone, usually large, into the gastrointestinal tract through a cholecystoduodenal fistula. The objective of this scientific letter is to present a patient with a previous stage of the disease where the fistula is constituted, but without migration of the calculus, so that the timely diagnosis would have a favorable impact on the treatment and prognosis because the obstructive intestinal condition is not established.

A síndrome de Bouveret é uma causa rara de íleo biliar com uma morbilidade e mortalidade elevadas. É causada pela migração de uma pedra, geralmente grande, para o tracto gastrointestinal através de uma fístula colecystoduodenal. O objectivo desta carta científica é apresentar um doente com uma fase anterior da doença em que a fístula está presente, mas sem migração da pedra, para que o diagnóstico atempado tenha um impacto favorável no tratamento e prognóstico, uma vez que a condição obstrutiva instestinal não está estabelecida.

Fístula biliobronquial secundaria a quiste hidatídico hepático en tránsito torácico: caso clínico / Bronchobiliary fistula secondary to hepatic hydatid cyst in thoracic transit: clinical case

Resumen Introducción: En un quiste hidatídico hepático pueden ocurrir una serie de complicaciones de diversa gravedad. Una es el tránsito hepatotorácico (THT), que es el compromiso simultáneo de hígado, diafragma y pulmón secundario a migración de un quiste hidatídico hepático. Objetivo: Presentar una complicación de baja incidencia de un quiste hidatídico hepático como lo es el THT con fistula biliobronquial y posterior resolución quirúrgica. Materiales y Método: Registro clínico, imagenológico y fotográfico del episodio clínico. Resultados: Paciente con diagnóstico de quiste hidatídico en tránsito hepatotorácico con fístula biliobronquial fue sometida a toracotomía, resección en cuña del pulmón incluyendo bronquios comunicantes con el quiste. Paciente presenta evolución clínica e imagenológica favorable. Discusión: Se discuten formas de presentación, complicaciones de la evolución, grados de progresión y ubicaciones anatómicas frecuentes. Se hace énfasis en rol de la clínica e imagenología para diagnóstico y lo controversial del manejo. Conclusión: Tratamiento quirúrgico dependerá de localización de la lesión, estado del quiste, tamaño y experiencia del equipo quirúrgico, siendo una quistectomía con tratamiento de los trayectos fistulosos una buena alternativa.

Introduction: A variety of severe complications can occur in a hepatic hydatid cyst. One of them is the transit from liver to thorax through the diaphragm (HTT). Aim: To present a low impact complication of a hepatic hydatid cyst such as HTT with bronchobiliary fistula and subsequent surgical procedure. Materials and Method: Clinical, imaging, and photographic record of the clinical event. Results: A patient with a diagnosis of hydatid cyst in hepatothoracic transit with bronchobiliary fistula underwent thoracotomy with a wedge resection of the lung, including a cyst-bronchial communication. The patient presents good clinical and imaging evolution. Discussion: Forms of presentation, evolutionary complications, stages of progression, and frequent anatomical locations are discussed. Emphasis is made on the role of the clinical examination and imaging tests for diagnosis and controversial management. Conclusión: Surgical treatment will depend on location of the lesion, experience of the surgical team, condition and size of the cyst, being a cystectomy with the treatment of the fistulous tracts a good alternative.

A probable fatal argon gas embolism during resection of a cutaneous biliary fistula - a case report / Provável embolia letal por gás argônio durante ressecção de fístula cutânea biliar - relato de caso

Abstract Background: The Argon Beam Coagulator (ABC) achieves hemostasis but has potential complications in the form of argon gas embolisms. Risk factors for embolisms have been identified and ABC manufacturers have developed guidelines for usage of the device to prevent embolism development. Case report: A 49 year-old male with history of recurrent cholangiocarcinoma status post resection presented for resection of a cutaneous biliary fistula. Shortly after initial use of the ABC, the patient underwent cardiac arrest. After resuscitation, air bubbles were observed in the left ventricle via Transesophageal Echo (TEE). Conclusion: Although argon embolisms have been described more commonly during laparoscopies, this patient most likely experienced an argon gas embolism during an open resection of a cutaneous biliary fistula via the biliary tract or vein with possible transpulmonary passage of the embolism. Consequently, a high degree of suspicion should be maintained for an argon gas embolism during ABC use in laparoscopic, open, and cutaneous surgeries.

Resumo Introdução: A Coagulação por Feixe de Argônio (CFA) promove hemostasia, mas pode levar a complicações na forma de embolia por gás argônio. Os fatores de risco para embolias foram identificados e os fabricantes de aparelhos de CFA desenvolveram diretrizes para o uso do dispositivo para impedir a ocorrência de embolia. Relato de caso: Paciente masculino de 49 anos com história de colangiocarcinoma recorrente pós-ressecção foi submetido à ressecção de fístula cutâneo-biliar. Logo após o início do uso do aparelho de CFA, o paciente apresentou parada cardíaca. Após o retorno da atividade cardíaca, a Eecocardiografia Transesofágica (ETE) detectou bolhas de ar no ventrículo esquerdo. Conclusões: Embora a embolia associada ao argônio seja mais frequentemente descrita durante laparoscopia, este paciente mais provavelmente apresentou embolia provocada pelo argônio durante cirurgia aberta para ressecção de fístula cutâneo-biliar, após o argônio ganhar acesso à circulação sanguínea através das vias biliares ou da veia biliar e possível passagem do êmbolo pela circulação pulmonar. Desta maneira, deve-se suspeitar de embolia por argônio, de forma judiciosa, durante o uso de CFA em procedimento cirúrgico laparoscópico, aberto ou cutâneo.

Lesión quirúrgica del conducto hepático derecho: tratamiento combinado laparoscópico-endoscópico / Right hepatic bile duct injury: a single stage combined laparoscopic-endoscopic treatment

RESUMEN El tratamiento de las lesiones quirúrgicas de las vías biliares (LQVB), empleando procedimientos quirúrgicos de mínimo acceso en forma conjunta, a pesar de sus beneficios, ha sido escasamente reportado. Describimos el tratamiento combinado láparoendoscópico, en una paciente con fístula biliar y estenosis postoperatoria del conducto hepático derecho (CHD). Con base en la descripción de un caso clínico, ilustramos la técnica quirúrgica y evaluamos su aplicabilidad y resultados. Empleando colangiografía laparoscópica, identificamos la fistula biliar y demostramos la oclusión del CHD por un clip metálico, el cual fue retirado mediante guía fluoroscópica. Realizamos maniobra de "rendezvous" biliar y colocamos de prótesis plástica endoscópica. La fístula biliar resolvió en 12 días y a 40 meses de seguimiento, la paciente permanece sin alteraciones. El abordaje láparo-endoscópico, aunque técnicamente demandante, resultó efectivo para el tratamiento de esta paciente. Su seguimiento es fundamental y de especial interés, a fin de evaluar los resultados a largo plazo.

ABSTRACT Treatment of bile ducts injuries (BDI) treatment, combining minimally access surgical techniques, although their benefits, has been scarcely reported. We described a combined laparoscopic-endoscopic procedure, carried out in a patient with postoperative right hepatic duct (RHD) injury associated to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Based on a clinical case description, we illustrate the surgical technique and assess their applicability and results. A biliary fistula was identified employing laparoscopic cholangiography and a metallic clip applied, producing RHD occlusion, was retrieved under fluoroscopic guidance. A biliary "rendezvous" maneuver was done for positioning an endoscopic biliary stent. The biliary fistula disappeared within two weeks and during 40-months of follow-up the patient remains asymptomatic. Laparoscopic-endoscopic approach, although technically demanding, resulted effective to treat this patient. A Continuous follow-up is essential for evaluating the long-term results.

Fístula broncobiliar congénita: Caso dínico / Congenital broncho-biliary fistula: A case report

La fístula traqueo- o broncobiliar congénita o fístula hepatopulmonar congénita es una rara malformación con alta morbimortalidad si su diagnóstico no se realiza a tiempo. Existe una comunicación entre el sistema respiratorio (tráquea o bronquio) y el tracto biliar. Hasta la fecha, se han reportado solo 35 casos. Presentamos el caso de un neonato con neumopatía derecha y débito bilioso por el tubo endotraqueal. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante broncoscopía con radioscopía y la resección de la fístula broncobiliar fue por videotorascopía. Posteriormente, se requirió de una hepatectomía izquierda con anastomosis biliodigestiva en Y de Roux por presentar hipoplasia de colédoco.

Congenital tracheo-or-bronchobiliary fistula or congenital he-patopulmonary fistula is a rare malformation with high morbidity and mortality if the diagnosis is not made early. The tracheo-or-bronchobiliary fistula is a communication between the respiratory (trachea or bronchus) and biliary tract. To date, only 35 cases have been published worldwide. We report a case of a neonate with right pneumonia and bilious fluid in the endotracheal tube. Diagnosis was made using bronchoscopy with fluoroscopy. Videothoracoscopy was used to remove the bronchobiliary fistula. Subsequently, a left he-patectomy with Roux-en-Y biliary-digestive anastomosis was performed as bile ductus hypoplasia was present.

Utilidad de la CPRE en el diagnóstico y manejo de las complicaciones biliares de la enfermedad hidatídica hepática / Endoscopic colangiopancreatography utility in the diagnosis and management of biliary complications of hepatic hydatid disease

Objetivo Presentar la experiencia sobre la utilidad de la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) en el manejo pre- y postoperatorio de pacientes con hidatidosis hepática complicada. Material y método Serie de casos de carácter retrospectivo de 14 pacientes sometidos a CPRE en el Servicio de Cirugía y Endoscopía del Hospital Regional de Coyhaique, desde enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2014. En esta presentación se separan a los pacientes en los cuales la CPRE fue utilizada como diagnóstico de aquellos en los que se utilizó como manejo de la fístula biliar externa. Los pacientes después del alta fueron controlados al mes, 3, 6 meses, para posteriormente realizarlo anualmente. Resultados Hubo 5 pacientes sometidos a CPRE en el preoperatorio. El motivo de consulta fue ictericia y dolor. En todos se encontraron membranas hidatídicas las cuales fueron extraídas. Se realizó esfinterotomía en todos ellos y en solo uno se dejó endoprótesis. Cuatro pacientes fueron estabilizados y operados de manera programada y solo uno no requirió de intervención. En los 9 pacientes con fístula biliar externa, débito > 200 ml, se realizó CPRE en el postoperatorio. El tamaño promedio del quiste fue de 12 cm y 2/3 de ellos eran multivesiculares. La técnica realizada fue quistectomía parcial y en 4/9 se llevó a cabo mediante videolaparoscopía. La indicación de la CPRE se efectúo a los 20 días y el débito promedio fue de 498 ml/día. En todos se realizó esfinterotomía con instalación de endoprótesis. El cierre de la fístula biliar externa aconteció a los 28 días. El seguimiento promedio alcanzó los 6 años y no existió mortalidad en la presente serie. Conclusión Este estudio confirma que la CPRE es un procedimiento útil y seguro en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones biliares de la hidatidosis hepática.

Aim To report the experience with endoscopic colangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the pre and postoperative management of complicated liver hydatidosis. Material and methods Case series retrospective of 14 patients who underwent ERCP in the Department of Surgery and Endoscopy Regional Hospital of Coyhaique, from January 2005 to December 2014. In this presentation, patients are separated in whom ERCP was used as diagnosis of those in which was used as handling external biliary fistula. Patients after discharge were monitored per month, 3, 6 months later to realize it annually Results Five patients consulting for jaundice and pain were subjected to ERCP in the preoperative period. Hydatid membranes were found and extracted in all. A sphincterotomy was performed in all and an endoprosthesis was placed in one. Four patients were operated posteriorly and only one did not require surgery. On 9 patients with an external biliary fistula draining more than 200 ml/day, a postoperative ERCP was carried out. The mean sized of the cyst was 12 cm and two thirds were multi-vesicular. The surgical procedure was a partial cystectomy and in four it was laparoscopic. The mean output of fistulae was 498 ml/day. The ERCP was carried out in the twentieth postoperative day, performing a sphincterotomy and placing an endoprosthesis in all. Fistulae closed at 28 days. Patients were followed for six years and none died. Conclusions ERCP is safe and useful for the diagnosis and management of biliary complications of liver hydatidosis.

New Technique of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy with Iso-Tome(R) to Incise the Distal Papillary Roof in Patients with Choledocholiths and Choledochoduodenal Fistula

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is sometimes difficult to incise the distal papillary roof (PR) completely in patients with choledocholiths and choledochoduodenal fistula (CDF). The Iso-Tome(R) (MTW-Endoskopie W. Haag KG), which is helpful in preventing electrical leakage, has good orientation capabilities and can be easily placed at the orifice of the CDF or ampulla of Vater (AV). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) with the Iso-Tome(R) for cutting the distal PR. METHODS: Between May 2003 and July 2012, 35 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The distal PR was cut downward and/or upward using the Iso-tome(R) until the pink intrapapillary mucosa was fully exposed. Downward incisions were performed from the opening of the CDF to the orifice of the AV; upward incisions were performed in reverse. RESULTS: Spontaneous or artificial CDF occurred in four and 31 patients, respectively. The technical and therapeutic success rates were 94.3% (33/35) and 94.3% (33/35), respectively. There was no case of electrical damage to the pink intrapapillary mucosa. Adverse events occurred in 2.9% (1/35; 1, mild bleeding) of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The new technique of ES with the Iso-tome(R) is feasible and useful for effectively incising the distal PR in patients with CDF and choledocholiths.

New Technique of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy with Iso-Tome(R) to Incise the Distal Papillary Roof in Patients with Choledocholiths and Choledochoduodenal Fistula

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is sometimes difficult to incise the distal papillary roof (PR) completely in patients with choledocholiths and choledochoduodenal fistula (CDF). The Iso-Tome(R) (MTW-Endoskopie W. Haag KG), which is helpful in preventing electrical leakage, has good orientation capabilities and can be easily placed at the orifice of the CDF or ampulla of Vater (AV). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) with the Iso-Tome(R) for cutting the distal PR. METHODS: Between May 2003 and July 2012, 35 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The distal PR was cut downward and/or upward using the Iso-tome(R) until the pink intrapapillary mucosa was fully exposed. Downward incisions were performed from the opening of the CDF to the orifice of the AV; upward incisions were performed in reverse. RESULTS: Spontaneous or artificial CDF occurred in four and 31 patients, respectively. The technical and therapeutic success rates were 94.3% (33/35) and 94.3% (33/35), respectively. There was no case of electrical damage to the pink intrapapillary mucosa. Adverse events occurred in 2.9% (1/35; 1, mild bleeding) of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The new technique of ES with the Iso-tome(R) is feasible and useful for effectively incising the distal PR in patients with CDF and choledocholiths.

Laparoscopic management of cholecystocolic fistula / Abordagem laparoscópica da fístula colecistocólica

INTRODUCTION: Cholecystocolic fistula is a rare complication of gallbladder disease. Its clinical presentation is variable and nonspecific, and the diagnosis is made, mostly, incidentally during intraoperative maneuver. Cholecystectomy with closure of the fistula is considered the treatment of choice for the condition, with an increasingly reproducible tendency to the use of laparoscopy. AIM: To describe the laparoscopic approach for cholecystocolic fistula and ratify its feasibility even with the unavailability of more specific instruments. TECHNIQUE: After dissection of the communication and section of the gallbladder fundus, the fistula is externalized by an appropriate trocar and sutured manually. Colonic segment is reintroduced into the cavity and cholecystectomy is performed avoiding the conversion procedure to open surgery. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy for resolution of cholecystocolic fistula isn't only feasible, but also offers a shorter stay at hospital and a milder postoperative period when compared to laparotomy. .

INTRODUÇÃO: A fístula colecistocólica é rara complicação das doenças calculosas do trato biliar. Sua apresentação clínica é variável e inespecífica, sendo o diagnóstico realizado, na maioria das vezes, incidentalmente durante o intraoperatório de sua causa base. A colecistectomia com fechamento da fístula é considerada o tratamento de escolha para a condição, sendo a videolaparoscopia cada vez mais reprodutível. OBJETIVO: Descrever a abordagem laparoscópica da fístula colecistocólica e ratificar a sua factibilidade mesmo diante da indisponibilidade de instrumentos mais específicos. TÉCNICA: Após dissecção da comunicação e secção do polo vesicular, a fístula é exteriorizada por uma cânula adequada e rafiada manualmente. Reintroduzido o segmento colônico na cavidade, a colecistectomia é realizada evitando-se a conversão do procedimento para a operação aberta. CONCLUSÃO: A videolaparoscopia para resolução de fístula colecistocólica é viável, com menor tempo de internação hospitalar e melhor pós-operatório quando comparada à laparotomia. .

Diagnóstico e tratamento da fístula bronquiobiliar / Review article management of bronchobiliary fistula

Fístula bronquiobiliar (FBB) é uma afecção rara, de alta morbidade e mortalidade, decorrente da comunicação anormal entre a árvore brônquica e a via biliar, sendo a bilioptise um sinal clínico patognomônico. Normalmente está associada a doenças hepatobiliares, mas principalmente ao trauma e complicações de cirurgias hepatobiliares. Devido à gravidade e à complexidade, associadas à baixa incidência, seu manejo é desafiador, não havendo um consenso na literatura. Este trabalho identifica os métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos mais utilizados, e propõe um fluxograma do manejo da FBB com intuito de auxiliar a conduta de novos casos.

Bronchobiliary fistula is a rare clinical finding, with a high morbidity and mortality rate, characterized by abnormal communication between the biliary tract and the bronchial tree, having bilioptysis as a pathognomonic sign. It is usually associated to hepatobiliary diseases, but mostly related to trauma and as a complication of hepatobiliary surgery. Due to the low incidence, complexity and gravity, its management is a challenge, and little consensus on its diagnosis and treatment exists. We identified the most used diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and propose a flowchart that could assist in the management of news cases.

Evolución natural de la fístula biliar externa post cirugía del quiste hidatídico hepático / External biliary fistula after surgery for hydatid cyst: retrospective analysis of 58 patients

Background: External biliary fistula is the most common complication of surgery for liver hydatid cysts. Aim: To report the experience with the conservative management of external biliary fistula. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients operated for hydatid cysts, complicated with external biliary fistula, between 1985 and 2004. Results: In the study period, 554 patients were operated for liver hydatid cysts and in 58 (10.5 percent), an external biliary fistula appeared. In 90 percent of these patients, cysts were located in the right lobe and 30 percent were multiple cysts. Seventy seven percent of cysts were multivesicular, 10 percent were infected and 52 percent had a concealed cysto-biliary rupture. In 84 percent of patients, a conservative surgical approach such as marsupialization and partial excision of the peri cystic region was used. Mean hospital stay of these patients was 36.8 days, compared with 11.4 days among patients without fistulae. Conclusions: Among patients that require surgery for hydatid cysts, risk factors for biliary fistula should be sought and conservative surgical approaches should be avoided whenever possible.

La fístula biliar externa (FBE) es la complicación más frecuente en la cirugía del quiste hidatídico hepático (QHH). En esta oportunidad se quiere dar a conocer la experiencia en el manejo conservador de la fístula biliar secundaria a la cirugía del QHH. Se revisa en forma retrospectiva los registros clínicos de 554 pacientes tratados por hidatidosis hepática, desde enero 1985 a diciembre de 2004, en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Regional de Coyhaique. De acuerdo a los hallazgos clínicos preoperatorios, estudio de imágenes, hallazgos operatorios y seguimiento de los pacientes, se encontraron 58 pacientes (10,5 por ciento) portadores de fístula biliar postoperatoria. En los 554 pacientes tratados durante este período, se encontró 91 con filtración biliar (16,4 por ciento) y en 58 (10,5 por ciento) se constató la presencia de FBE. Los hallazgos anatomopatológicos indicaron que el 76,6 por ciento de los quistes eran multivesiculares, que sólo el 10 por ciento estaba infectado y que la ruptura cistobiliar oculta estaba presente en el 51,7 por ciento de los casos. Las técnicas quirúrgicas conservadoras fueron las más utilizadas. El promedio de estadía de los pacientes con fístula biliar fue de 36,8 días y de 11,4 en aquellos que no la presentaban. Es importante en el preoperatorio pesquisar los factores predictores de una probable ruptura franca, ser acuciosos en la pesquisa de las comunicaciones cistobiliares ocultas y tratar de evitar, dentro de lo posible, la realización de técnicas quirúrgicas conservadoras. Todo lo anterior disminuirá la frecuencia de la FBE, cuya evolución natural aumenta en más de tres veces la estadía postoperatoria.

Tratamento endoscópico das lesões biliares / Endoscopic treatment of the biliary injuries

As técnicas cirúrgicas convencionais ofertam uma apropriada condição de cura na maioria dos pacientes com estreitamento biliar benigno. Nesta condição, no entanto, o reparo cirúrgico está associado com recorrência tardia da re-estenose em 10 por cento a 30 por cento dos pacientes. Neste contexto, os avanços tecnológicos na endoscopia terapêutica promoveram a possibilidade alternativa do tratamento efetivo destas obstruções benignas. Considerações em relação ao tempo de reospitalização e de procedimentos devem ser averiguados em detalhes e ponderados em relação á cirurgia. Estenoses malignas estão relacionadas á colangite, icterícia e dor e, consequentemente, com as alterações sistêmicas relacionadas com a sepsis biliar. A conduta endoscópica cria uma derivação do suco biliar para o duodeno, sendo uma verdadeira derivação biliodigestiva endoscópica e utilizando-se próteses plásticas ou metálicas. O propósito desta revisão é ofertar aos leitores a eficácia do tratamento endoscópico na estenose benigna e maligna biliopancreática.

Standard surgical techniques offer a good chance of cure forthe majority of patients affected by extrahepatic benign biliarystricture. Nevertheless, operative repair has a long-termrecurrence rate of stricture in 10 percent to 30 percent of patients. Advancesin endoscopic procedures have provided alternative options ofrelieving biliary obstructions, but prolonged length of treatmentand rehospitalization have to be considered if endoscopy isperformed. Malignant stenoses are an important factor determining cholangitis, jaundice and pain and it's each systemic consequences. The endoscopic approach intends to create a deviation of bile juice to duodenum by means of metal or plastic stents aiming a safe palliation. The purpose of this review is to show to the readerseffectiveness of endoscopic treatments of benign and malignat stenosis of the bile duct and pancreatic.

Fístula colecistocutânea espontânea:uma rara complicação da doença calculosa da vesícula biliar / Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula: a rare complication of gallbladder disease

Introdução: As fístulas colecistocutâneas são complicações infrequentes decorrentes de processos inflamatórios ou infecciosos que ocorrem envolvendo a vesícula biliar ou vias biliares incluindo colédoco e ducto cístico. O primeiro relato data de 1640 por Thilesus, e sua incidência vem diminuindo provavelmente devido à melhora dos métodos diagnósticos de imagem e tratamentos medicamentosos. Relato de caso: Relatamos aqui um caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, de 63 anos de idade, que apresentou como queixa inicial uma dor em hipocôndrio direito do tipo cólica, há cerca de quatro meses, que evoluiu com abscesso local, drenado em outro serviço. Seguiu-se à drenagem débito bilioso persistente. O paciente foi submetido à colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica com retirada de múltiplos cálculos do colédoco. Após 30 dias o paciente foi operado, sendo realizada colecistectomia com exploração radiológica das vias biliares que evidenciou normalidade das vias biliares intra e extra-hepáticas, obstrução do ducto cístico, estenose de colédoco proximal de cerca de dois centímetros e ausência de cálculos biliares. Realizou-se ainda a ressecção da porção estenosada do colédoco com anastomose primária término-terminal e drenagem a Kher. O paciente evoluiu com fístula biliar pós-operatória orientada por dreno cavitário, evoluindo com baixo débito de cerca de 150 mililitros até o 15º pós-operatório. Discussão: As fístulas colecistocutâneas são uma complicação cada vez mais rara de processos inflamatórios ou infecciosos do trato colecistobiliar, os quais exigem tratamento cirúrgico efetivo envolvendo a colecistectomia com reestabelecimento do trajeto fisiológico de drenagem biliar.

Introduction: The cholecystocutaneous fistulae are unusual complications resulting from infectious or inflammatory processes that occur involving the gallbladder or biliary tract, including choledochal and cystic duct. The first report dates from 1640 by Thilesus, and its incidence has decreased due to improved diagnostic methods for image and drug treatments. Case report: We report a case of a 63 years old male patient who presented an initial complaint of pain in the right hypochondrium, type colic, for about four months, who developed local abscess, drained in another service. Following, there was persistent bilious drainage flow. The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with the withdrawal of multiple choledochal gallbladder. After 30 days the patient was operated with cholecystectomy performed, with the usage of radiological exploration of the biliary tract, which showed normal intra and extra-hepatic bile ducts, obstruction of the cystic duct, stenosis of proximal choledochal of about two centimeters and absence of gallstones. There was also the resection of the portion of choledochal stenosis with primary end-to-end anastomosis and drainage to Khera. The patient evolved with postoperative biliary fistula guided by drain cavity, evolving with low debt of about 150 milliliters to 15 postoperatively. Discussion: The cholecystocutaneous fistula is an increasingly rare complication of infectious or inflammatory processes of biliary tract, which require surgical treatment with cholecystectomy involving the effective re-establishment of the physiological pathway of bile drainage.

Endoscopic treatment of a bronchobiliary fistula due to complicated hydatid cyst after surgical intervention: a case report

Hydatid cyst is an infectious parasitic disease often caused by Echinococcus granulosus, or to a lesser extent by Echinococcus alveolaris. The liver is the organ most frequently involved. We report a case with hydatid cyst of the liver and lung that many years after surgery developed bronchobiliary fistula and biloptysis. The patient had been operated 2 times previously but yet the problem was present. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] was used successfully for treatment. We present the result of ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy in the management of biliary hydatid disease. Bronchopleural fistula after hydatid cyst surgery could be cured by ERCP and sphincterotomy with or without stent insertion

Cystobiliary fistula in hepatic hydatid disease: diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

In Hydatid disease of the liver cystobiliary fisula [CBF] constitutes an anatomic and a clinicopdthologic entity characterized by the occurrence of a life-threatening cholangitis with increased morbidity and the prolongation of hospital stay. An accurate preoperative diagnosis of this complication is essential for its prompt surgical management. The diagnosis of hydatid disease and the existence of CBF is based primarily on both of the clinical presentation and the characteristic appearance on ultrasonographic [US] and/or computed tomographic [CT] imaging, and confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography [ERC]. The aim of this work was to study the different diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of cystobiliary fistula in hydatid disease of the liver. From 1996 to 2003, among 63 patients treated for hydatid cysts of the liver, 17 with complicated cysts were included in the current study. They were 11 males and 6 females with a mean age of 34.5 years [ranged from 12 to72 yrs]. According to the clinical presentation, they were divided into 3 groups; group A: nine patients presented with cholangitis, group B: five patients had history of jaundice and group C: three patients presented with jaundice. In 14 patients [groups A and B], the diagnosis of CBF was suspected by abdominal US and/or CT imaging and confirmed by ERC. In the remaining 3 patients [group C], CBF was not documented and they were excluded. Preoperative endoscopic sphencterotomy ES was done in group A with retrieval of hydatid daughter cysts. Among the patients of group A, Seven patients [subgroup Al] were subsequently submitted to surgery entailing endocystectomy in 5 and hepatic resection in two. The remaining 2 patients in group A [subgroup A2] were managed by endoscopic therapy only. Patients of group B [n = 5], were not submitted to preoperative ES and were subsequently managed by hepatic resection in one patient and endocystectomy in four. There was no mortality in the studied group. Postoperative bile leak occurred in four cases; one after hepatic resection and three after endocsytectomy in group B for whom preoperative endoscopic sphincterotmy [ES] was not done. In contrast, none of the patients who were submitted to preoperative ES [subgroup Al] had bile leak. Postoperative wound infection was reported in three patients and minimal subphrenic collection that was aspirated under US guidance was in two. A chest complication in the form of atelecatasis was recorded in one patient. The mean hospital stay was 12.4 days. All patients received albendazole treatment. Surgery still remains the treatment of choice for hydatid cysts of the liver complicated with cystobiliary fistula [CBF]. The results of this work highlight the validity of diagnostic ERC in confirming the diagnosis of CBF in suspected patients with complicated hydatid cysts of the liver. Also, therapeutic ERC has a place in the treatment algorithm of CBF as it was found to be a safe and a reliable therapeutic alternative especially in high risk patients for surgery

Fístula colecistocutânea espontânea / Spontaneous cholecistocutaneous fistula

As fístulas colecitocutâneas são entidades raras, tendo sido relatados somente 59 casos nos últimos 50 anos. Objetivo: Relatar um caso com drenagem espontânea de calculos biliares. Relato de caso - Paciente com tumoração dolorosa na cicatriz umbilical e eliminação de secreção purulenta e cálculos biliares. A ecografia abdominal total demonstrou a presença de colecistolitíase e possível trajeto fistuloso entre a vesícula e o umbigo...

The cholecistocutaneous fistulas are rare and among the last 50 years of literature review only 50 cases were found. Aim - To describe a case with spontaneous biliary stones drainage through the umbilicus...

Íleo biliar: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Gallstone illeus: case related and literature revision

O íleo biliar é uma afecção rara, decorrente de complicação da litíase biliar. Apresenta maior prevalência em pacientes do sexo feminino (> 70 por cento) com idade entre 60 e 75 anos. O desenvolvimento do íleo biliar deve-se basicamente à formação de uma comunicação anormal entre a via biliar e o tubo digestivo, tendo como uma das causas mais comuns a presença de fístulas biliodigestivas. O quadro clínico cursa com sintomas de obstrução intestinal completa ou incompleta. O diagnóstico é obtido através da anamnese, exame físico e exames complementarres (hemograma, ionograma, radiografia de abdome, etc.). Na grande maioria dos casos o diagnóstico se faz durante intervenção cirúrgica. O tratamento é eminentemente cirúrgico, devendo ser instituído precocemente, devido à elevada morbidez associada à demora terapêutica. A propedêutica por imagem tem determinado o diagnóstico precoce das afecções da via biliar, com redução na incidência de íleo biliar

Experiencia en tratamiento del síndrome de Mirizzi / Mirizzi Syndrome

Antecedentes: Los trastornos del drenaje del árbol biliar, agrupados bajo la denominación de Síndrome de Mirizzi (SM), resultan de alteraciones de la unión cístico-coledociana debidas a procesos inflamatorios secundarios a cálculos biliares. Los cambios anatómicos pueden facilitar lesiones de la vía biliar durante la colecistectomía. Material y Método: 32 casos de SM fueron intervenidos entre 1994 y 2004 sobre un total de 3250 colecistectomías; estos casos fueron seleccionados para un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo que estudia la frecuencia, características clínicas, diagnóstico, táctica quirúrgica y resultados inmediatos. Resultados: La frecuencia del SM es del 1 por ciento; la serie comprende 3 varones y 29 mujeres con edad media de 48 años (r 23-84). Treinta pacientes refirieron dolor cólico, 22 ictericia y 18 fiebre. En 25 de ellos se comprobó hiperbilirrubinemia. La ecografía mostró colecistolitiasis en todos y dilatación de las vías biliares en 18 casos. Siete pacientes tenían lesión de tipo I, 19 de tipo II; 2 de tipo III y 4 pacientes tipo IV (Clasificación de Csendes). En las lesiones de tipo I y II se realizó la colecistectomía: en 2 de ellos se asoció una plastia del colédoco. En las lesiones tipo III se practicó la derivación bilio-digestiva. En las de tipo IV, se efectuaron 2 anastomosis bilio-digestivas y 2 plastias de la vía biliar. Fallecieron 2 pacientes por complicaciones sépticas. Conclusión: El SM fue encontrado en una ocasión por cada 100 colecistectomías; el diagnóstico preoperatorio es difícil; el laboratorio y la ecografía orientan poco. En el adulto mayor, con ictericia obstructiva reciente, la colangiografía se revela fundamental antes de la colecistectomía.